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THE BASICS:  white line disease is the  result of injury at the juncture between the walls of the claw and the sole.  The connection between the walls and sole appears as a distinct white line starting near the heel at the outer (abaxial) wall and going towards the toe (dorsal wall) and half way back to the heel along the inner (axial) wall.  the problem starts when poor quality horn allows environmental/bacterial contamination to penetrate the juncture and cause an abscess to form. Laminitis is often the primary cause of the poor quality horn. Wet slippery irregular surfaces may also compound the problem.  The following are links to a variety of articles concerning white line disease, some more technical than others.

Check out Dr. Paul Greenough's Encyclopedia of Cattle Lameness at www.cowdoc.net, an excellent resource on cattle lameness put together by Dr. Paul Greenough and other professionals. 

White Line Disease