THE BASICS:  An ulcer is an injury to the corium. The corium is that part of the claw anatomy that is directly responsible for producing sole horn. There are several factors that can lead to injury of the corium; poor quality sole horn resulting from laminitis, penetration from a sharp object, excessive wear of the sole horn caused by abrasive walking surfaces, rotation of the pedal bone (toe ulcer) and excessive removal of healthy horn tissue during trimming. The following are links to a variety of articles concerning sole ulcers, some more technical than others.

Check out Dr. Paul Greenough's Encyclopedia of Cattle Lameness at www.cowdoc.net, an excellent resource on cattle lameness put together by Dr. Paul Greenough and other professionals. 

Sole Ulcers - Dr Jan Shearer

   Preventing and Treating diseases of the Bovine Foot